Periplanar Definition in Chemistry

Periplanar refers to two atoms or groups of atoms in a conformation are in the same plane with respect to the reference single bond. The image shows two conformations of butane (C4H10). The methyl groups (-CH3) are lined up in the same plane with the middle carbon-carbon single bond. The top conformation is known as syn-periplanar and the bottom is known as anti-periplanar.

Ebt Task 1 Essay - 2008 Words

RUNNING HEAD: CRITIQUE OF EVIDENCE BASED ARTICLES Critique of Evidence Based Nursing Latoya Dotson Western Govenors University EBT 1 May 26, 2011 Critique of Articles Introduction The article by Schindler, (2011) was chosen because of the clinical relevance to direct patient care and patients acquiring pressure ulcer. The articile was retrieved and summarized in the graphic below. Further research was collected to evaluate other aspects of the same interventions and a annotated bibiliography was created. The evience was reviewed for relevance and synthesized as it relates to nursing practice and acquiring pressure ulcers. Bottom of Form Reseach Report and Summary . |Article |Protecting fragile†¦show more content†¦| Assessment of the Evidence The author conclude in their research report that the overall incidence of the pressure ulcer among critically ill infants and children is greater than 10%. Based on the analysis of the research report and the following areas, background information, review of the literature,methodology, data analysis and conclusion, the edvience presented sufficiently supports the researchers conclusion. The author research involved identifying variables consistent with their research topic and then validly measuring them for reliable results.due to phenomology design that was used, the procedure to collect data was simple to carry out with little room for errors, this adding credibility to the evidence and helping to support the conclusion. Ethical isues The research faced ethical situations throughout the research process and identify them in the report. Participation of the study for the patients with pressure ulcers were voluntary and all participants consented to being apart of the study. The research failed to incorporate various sub-divisions and refused to exclude anyone from the study regardless if one individual had a higher incidence of acquiring pressure ulcers than another individual with a lower incidence.the study was also retrospective so no interventions were assigned.each units had their generalized policy and procedure of how to manage a pressure ulcer.Show MoreRelatedWgu Ebt 1 Task 2 Essay1493 Words   |  6 PagesEvidence-Based Practice Applied Nursing Research Western Governors University BSN Program Karolina O’Loughlin Student ID: 256940 Type of Sources / Appropriateness of Sources / Classification of Sources American Academy of Pediatrics and American Academy of Family Physicians article regarding acute otitis media is a filtered resource. It is an appropriate source for nursing practice because; it establishes clinical guidelines to diagnose and manage AOM. 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For other suggestions about the lecture, please see the â€Å"Lecture Suggestions† in Chapter 2, where we describe how we conduct our classes. DAYS ON CHAPTER: 3 OF 58 DAYS (50-minute periods) Answers to End-of-Chapter Questions 4-1 The emphasis of the various types of analysts is by no means uniform nor should it be. Management is interested in all types of ratios for two reasons. First, the ratios point out weaknesses that should be strengthened; second, management recognizes

OPEC Current Trend as an International Oil Producer Cartel

Question: Critically discuss different policy measures that non OPEC member States can take to mitigate the impact of OPECs current trend as an international oil producer cartel. Answer: Introduction Petroleum is the most essential element for every country throughout the world but it cannot be produced in a factory as it is a natural thing. In world market petroleum plays the most important role in respect of the economic stability. Twelve countries along together has formed an organization in relation to control the conducts of import and export of petroleum. This organization is known as Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries in abbreviation it is famous in the name of OPEC. In the world economy OPEC performs a major role in relation to the exporting of petroleum throughout the world. But apart from these twelve countries there are a lot of country in this world who are also seeking petroleum and they are financially also much stronger in comparison to the OPEC countries like USA, Soviet Union, UK and many others. Some of the members of OPEC are UAE, Venezuela, Iran, Iraq and some other countries as well (Chapman and Hodges, 2011). Here in this context various aspec ts relating to the conducts and strategies of the countries who are not the members of the OPEC are going to be discussed along with relevant statistics and formations adapted by non OPEC member countries. OPEC countries manipulate the price level of petroleum in the international market in a normative manner (Rugman and Hodgetts, 2003). Sometime it becomes very difficult for the non OPEC countries to regulate their conducts in the international market in relation to petroleum related issues. The strategies that may be adapted by the non OPEC countries in relation to petroleum related issues are going to be discussed under the following: Nationalization (Strategy 1): By way nationalization of oil producing organizations and corporations impact of privatization in the market of crude oil can be diminished that will not only refer more revenue to the government sectors but also promotes a balance in the international crude oil market. This procedure must not be confused with the restrictions upon the exportation of crude oil. It has represented one of the most important turning points in relation to the development of policies relating to oil trade in the international market. Privatized business conducts are eliminated by the nationalization, as resources of oil in the oil producing nations are controlled by the private international corporations. It permits oil producing nations to obtain control over private properties, though it may violate some of the existing legal contracts. If these nations become the only proprietors of this confiscated resources by violating the law of contract, they will be in a superior position to manipulate the price of the crude oil in the international market, and they will decide the way by which the actual current value of their known stock of petroleum under the ground can be maximized. A number of major implications may be observed as the consequence of nationalization of crude oil. On the other hand, nationalized oil corporations are in some occasion torn among the expectations of the nation that they ought to carry the national flag and their personal goals in relation to success in trade; it could signify a level of emancipation relating to the confines of the national agenda(Rugman and Brewer, 2001). Considering historical background (strategy 2): In the year of 1949Iran and Venezuelawere the foremost nations to be in motion towards the formation of OPEC by making an approach Saudi Arabia, Kuwait and Iraq, signifying that they swap over visions and investigate boulevards for usual and quicker communication between oil manufacturing countries (Rittberger, Zangl and Kruck, 2012). In the year of 1959, the IOCs (International Oil Companies) abridged the prescribed value for Venezuelan rudimentary at 5, thereafter 25 for each barrel. And the same for Mid-East crude at a rate of 18 for each barrel (Energy indicators, 2008). In Cairo, Egypt, the foremost Arab Petroleum Congress assembled. There they recognized an Oil Consultation Commission in relation to that IOCs ought to present value alteration tactics to establishment of manufacturing nations (Kazim, 2007). In the year of 1959, Abdullah Tariki to Juan Pablo Perez Alfonzo has been introduced by a reporter Wanda Jablonski in Cairo, at the Arab Oil Congress. They were both exasperated by the slash in prescribed values by IOCs as well as International Oil Corporations. Maadi Pact or Gentlemen's Agreement was the consequence of this meeting (Ricks, 2000). In the year of 1960, reporterWanda Jablonskiaccounted a noticeable antagonism in the direction of the West and a rising disagreement in opposition to malingerer landlordism in the central of Eastern region. In his prominent book permittedThe Prize: The Epic Quest for Oil, Money, and Power In this book it is described by Daniel Yergin that the process by which theregular Oil, which proscribed 75 per cent of the petroleum industry of United State. In the month of August of 1960 with no straight caution to petroleum exporting countries, declared slash of up to 7% of the prescribed values of Mid-East rudimentary oils. Most of the oil producing corporations uniformly abridged the prescribed value for Mid of Eastern region crudes. Mid-East nations previously sensed bitterness towards the Western region above the malingerer landlord customs ofMultinational Oil Corporations that at the time forbidden all oil related procedures inside the congregation nations (Noreng, 2002). In the period of 10th to 14th September of 1960, the Baghdad convention was apprehended by the inventiveness of Juan Pablo Prez Alfonso the Hydrocarbons ministerand Abdullah al-Tariki the Venezuelan Minesand the Saudi Arabian Energy and Mines minister. The administration bodies of Venezuela, Kuwait, Iraq, Saudi Arabia and Iran, met inBaghdadwith an object to talk about the ways to amplify the value of the rudimentary petroleum created by their particular nations and act in response to independent proceedings by theMultinational Oil Corporations, they at that period of time proscribed all oil related actions inside the hosting nations. "Collectively along with the Arab and non-Arab manufacturers, the Organization of Petroleum Export Countries (OPEC) has been formed by Saudi Arabia for the purpose of securing the unsurpassed available value from the most important oil companies. From this period of time OPEC countries always tried to control the international crude oil market and they wanted to establish supervision upon the transactions of developed countries in relation to oil import and export (Middle East Oil Trade, 2010 and 2011, 2012). Considering political issues (Strategy 3): In accordance with the confer with compact PFC Energy, only 7 per cent of the anticipated oil and gas reserves throughout the world are in nations that permit private global corporations gratis rein. Entirely 65 per cent are under the control of nationalized corporations for instance Saudi Aramco, along with the other concerning nations like Venezuela and Russia, where admittance by the Western corporations are not easy. The PFC study entails unfavorable political collection to capitalism in several nations is inclined to perimeter upon oil manufacture enlarged in Iran Mexico, Kuwait, Iraq, Russia and Venezuela. Saudi Arabia is also preventive capability extension, but for the reason that of a self imposed limit, nothing like the other nations (Kirton, 2009). As per the publication made by theNew York Times,the oil bradawl thump in the United States has been augmented petroleum manufacture by more than 70 % from the year of 2008 and has abridged the United States petroleum importation from OPEC countries by 55% (Energy indicators, 2008). Increasing production capacity (Strategy 4): From the year of 2011 the United States of America has engrossed the speedily augmented home manufacture of light, sweet, tight oil by way of plummeting same kind of or parallel status, brings in crude petroleummainly from Nigerian and some other suppliers of African territory.Since 2011 to the year of 2013, 50 per cent of petroleum importation diminution collision light crude. Just about 96 % of the two million barrels every day, which is around 290,000m3/d of its expansion, arrives from sweet crude from stiff source development. As home manufacture prolongs to amplify, the United State is in front of upcoming confronts of fascinating the sweet stiff oil (International Crude Oil Trade, Year 2013, 2014). In the year 2011 the United States brought in 1.7 million barrels every day which is around 270,000m3/d. In the year 2013 crude petroleum importation were abridged to one million barrels every day which is around 160,000m3/d.In the early months of 2014, light rudimentary importations to the average of United States was only 0.6 million barrels every day which is around 95,000m3/d (International Crude Oil Trade, Year 2011, 2012). In the month of July of 2014 the non-OPEC manufacture was envisaged at 1.7 million barrels every day that is approximately 270,000m3/d along with the Canada and United States manufacturing 1.6 million barrels every day that is around 250,000m3/d in 2014 . In the month of June 2014 petroleum prices unexpectedly go down by around a third as United State, oil manufacture greater than before and the demand of China and Europe for petroleum reduced. Just previous to the United States quickly reversed out of the rudimentary oil importation marketplace for the reason that of thriving nationwide creation, the smudge value ofNorth Sea Brentcrude petroleum fatigued as on 17th June of 2014 at supplementary than US$115 for each barrel. Obtaining good quality oil from other resources (Strategy 5): Nigeria is the biggest manufacturer ofsweet petroleumin OPEC. On July 2014, as the United States clogged bring in sweet crude oil, additional crude petroleum has become obtainable to processing plant in China, South Korea, Japan and India. They together bought at around 42 per cent extra Nigerian crude oil in the year 2014 in comparison with 2013. Opening in June of 2014 Saudi Aramco national oil and gas company of Saudi Arabia and the biggest oil producing corporation of the world in expressions of production, reduced the value of its rudimentary oil to refineries of Asia to contend with petroleum from African and other Nigerian suppliers. In announcement as on 27th of November in the year 2014, in the OPEC seminar in Vienna, it was declared that the'OECD-Americas' has been the most important non OPEC petroleum supply provider to an predictable contribute enlargement of 1.4 million barrels every day that is 220,000m3/d, to an average of 57.3 million barrels every day that is 9,110,000m3/d, throughout the year of 2015. Since the year of 2011 until middle June of 2014 the yearly standard value of petroleum was about US$110 each barrel. From the month of June of 2014, nevertheless, the cost of oil slips at $US80. OPEC disagreed that this plummet in the cost of petroleum was not absolutely "accredited to oil marketplace rudiments." at the same time as oil marketplace rudiments, "sufficient supply, reasonable demand, a powerful US dollar and doubts concerning worldwide financial expansion" donated to the fall of value, "tentative movement within the oil marketplace has too been a significant aspect." Attempts towards price control (Strategy 6): Notwithstanding as to the worldwide inundate, as on 27th November of 2014 in Vienna, Oil Minister of Saudi, Ali al-Naimi, barren the application from the shoddier OPEC associate countries, such as Algeria Venezuela, and Iran, for manufacture slash. Standard crude, Brent petroleum pitched to US$71.25, a four year short. Al-Naimi said that the marketplace would be absent to accurate itself. "Ancient strategy of defensive price." has been adapted by OPEC. In according with a number of analysts, OPEC might allow value of Brent petroleum drop to US$60 to sluggish downward US shale petroleum manufacture.Regardless of a concerned financial system in associate nations, al-Naimi has repeated his declaration on Saudi functioning. On November of 2014, with creation at 30.56 million barrels every day that is around 4,859,000m3/d, OPEC go into its sixth month of over and above their combined target of manufacture. On 11th December of 2014 the value of OPEC orientation container of Crudes has been drop to US$60.50and by 13th December of the same year, the value of Brentpetroleumfallen to US$61.85. The 12th January of 2015, value of OPEC orientation container of Crudes has been reduced to US$43.55. On the month of February of 2015, OPEC had come in its ninth successive month of over and above their combined target of manufacture. Conclusion: After the above discussion it can be said that OPEC countries are at the controlling position in the world market in relation to the pricing of petroleum as well as the exportation of crude oil. Though the other countries gave an important contribution to produce oil and also to make refinery plants but these were not so successful as to the mark of OPEC member countries (Citino, 2002). Developed countries like America has given huge effort to the improvement of oil production sector but it was not so appreciable like the associate countries of OPEC. OPEC countries are blessed by nature and that is the main reason of the autonomy in the international crude oil market, but in some stage OPEC is obtaining undue advantages (Buckley, 2009). References Al-Chalabi, F. (2010).Oil policies, oil myths. London: I.B. Tauris. Buckley, P. (2009). Business history and international business.Business History, 51(3), pp.307-333. Chapman, G. and Hodges, G. (2011).Oil. Mankato, Minn.: Smart Apple Media. Citino, N. (2002).From Arab nationalism to OPEC. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. Energy indicators. (2008).OPEC Energy Review, 32(4), pp.267-300. International Crude Oil Trade, Year 2011. (2012).World Oil Trade, 34(1), pp.43-52. International Crude Oil Trade, Year 2012. (2013).World Oil Trade, 35(1), pp.43-52. International Crude Oil Trade, Year 2013. (2014).World Oil Trade, 36(1), pp.43-53. Kazim, A. (2007). Theoretical limits of OPEC Members oil production.OPEC Review, 31(4), pp.235-248. Kirton, J. (2009).International organization. Farnham, Surrey: Ashgate. Middle East Oil Trade, 2010 and 2011. (2012).World Oil Trade, 34(1), pp.151-166. Noreng, . (2002).Crude power. London: I.B. Tauris. Ricks, D. (2000).Blunders in international business. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishers. Rittberger, V., Zangl, B. and Kruck, A. (2012).International organization. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire, UK: Palgrave Macmillan. Rugman, A. and Brewer, T. (2001).The Oxford handbook of international business. New York: Oxford University Press. Rugman, A. and Hodgetts, R. (2003).International business. Harlow, England: Prentice Hall/Financial Times.

‘Little Old Lady’ Essay Example

‘Little Old Lady’ Paper The play ‘Little Old Lady’ is set on a train; the play is about no smoking in underground station because of the fire at king’s crosses station in 1980 also the play is about how people were treated in the 1980s. Arnold Wesker wrote this play to show people how people were treated in 1980s. The main characters of the play are Sam and Tracy, they are both 15 years old, Jason is 17 years old, the others in the play, don’t have a real name. The writer called them by the way they are for example; little old lady, she is 65 years old and she’s called little old lady because she’s little and old. The other characters are Harassed Women. She is 45 years old and she’s called harassed women because she worries too much. The Unpleasant man, he is 50 years old and he is called unpleasant man because he’s not a nice person. The play is set in 1980s because at that time society was changing and people were begging to care less about others. Also ,young people respected old people at that time . Arnold Wesker wanted to show people how society was in the 1980 and how it changed so he wrote a play about how people’s views and values were . The stage directions and the dialogue show that it is everyday situation because the way people are talking to each other. Tracey says â€Å"capital of New Zealand† to Sam. Sam says â€Å"you’re getting really difficult, aren’t you? Then little old lady says â€Å"you don’t know the capital of new Zealand? This shows that it is just normal day because the way there are talking is normal and also they are playing a game and that’s normal. Also the place that is happing is in a train and this shows that it’s a normal day and people are acting normal. The setting of the play is good because it shows that it is a normal day and it’s a good place to show people how people are treated in the 1980s and how things are different now than before. The lighting goes on the person to show that he / she is speaking and it is good because u will know who is speaking. The sound that is used in the play shows that it is a normal day. â€Å"Sound of an underground train hurtling through its tube†. This shows that it’s a normal everyday situation. The way the characters are acting shows that it is an ordinary day for example what they are talking about. We will write a custom essay sample on ‘Little Old Lady’ specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on ‘Little Old Lady’ specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on ‘Little Old Lady’ specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The stage direction shows what is going to happen and how people are reacting to the situation. There is something that is not everyday situation and that is the smoke sign. The characters in the play are Tracy and Sam, they are both friends, little old lady, Harassed women, unpleasant man and Jason. The characters are divided into 2 groups and that is unpleasant man on his own, because he doesn’t want to listen to any one,’ he wants to do whatever he wants and that is to smoke in the train but the other people on the train are telling him that he shouldn’t smoke . He doesn’t listen and those people that are trying to tell him that is not allowed are little old lady, Sam, Tracy, Jason, Harassed women. First the little old lady argues with unpleasant man then the rest try to help the little old lady and that’s how the characters are divided, the unpleasant man against everyone else. The actions of the characters shows tension and conflict is when the little old lady argues with the Unpleasant man shows tension in the play because it makes the play worth while drama and this is shown in the play when the unpleasant man says â€Å" And you think yourself lucky you’re an old women â€Å". He says this to the little old lady, the little old lady says something back to get attention, she says â€Å"NO, you think yourself lucky I’m an old women â€Å". This shows that the man is trying to threaten the little old lady and this builds tension. The stage direction builds tension because it tells you what is happening and also what the characters are doing and saying. â€Å"The silence is long. Unease grows†. This shows that the stage direction also builds up tension when it is quiet. The writer is effective when he tries to build tension when it is quiet because it makes the play more interesting to read and the audience won’t get bored because the play is getting good and people like when something that is boring at first and then turns out to be good, makes the reader want to read more. The authors notes at the start are explaining that this play is strictly not about race and is all based on the issue of no smoking in the underground. The author became worried about the play because in those days the race tension was really high, and thought that the director would face difficulty choosing characters for this play . He did have difficulty choosing characters for the play because if he had picked a black student to take part in the play then people will see the play as racist and in 1980 society used to judge people because of there race. â€Å"If a black student plays the anti-social character it is interpreted as a statement about race not as a fact of life†. This shows that in the 1980 society judged people because of their race. For example if there where to watch a play about real life situation and a black student is taken part then they would see the play as racist not about life situation . I think it doesn’t have an effect on the way the play is read and performed because at the start of the play the author tells you that the play is not going to be about race, it’s going to be about life situation. The reader will know what the play is going to be about and they won’t have any problems reading it and they will have some ideas about how the play is going to be performed. I think when the characters ague or fight and the no smoking sign makes the play interesting for people to watch because in the begging of the play it was boring because it didn’t have any action but if it did then it would have been interesting for people to watch but it was good because at the start it didn’t have any action , it was all quiet and you would know that something is going to happen and that why the audience would carry on watching it because the play is going to be good but if it wasn’t then nobody would watch it , they wouldn’t find it interesting . Wesker puts a no smoking sign in the train because so people will know that something is going to happen and it did, in the play the little old lady argues with the unpleasant man because he was smoking and in the train you are not allowed and the little old lady was trying to tell the man that smoking is not allowed but he didn’t listen to her, he just ignored her. This shows that in the 1980 people didn’t respect old people at that time but children did respect old people.

A Modern Technology is not always a Good Choice Essays

A Modern Technology is not always a Good Choice Essays A Modern Technology is not always a Good Choice Essay A Modern Technology is not always a Good Choice Essay Victoria Magana Rdg 52 December-05-2012 My Education My education is one of the most important things in my life. I think that is the base of the life to successful and to be someone important in the future. I was starting my education in Mexico. Im going to kinder garden in Heroes del Chapultepec. I loved going out to lunch and run with my little friends, I was very athletic; this is what I liked about my kinder garden. Sincerely overall theres nothing that I dont liked it from kinder garden. After kinder garden I continued at Mexico too in primary was a 6 ears there at Miguel F. Martinez. For me was one of the best time because is the time of our lives where we learned many things of the life, the best. I didnt like because there were reports and they called your parents to tell them about your citizenship, three reports and we get out the school. Secondary was more difficult for me, but I met good friends there and I think they are not my bests friends but I know that they will be there for me. My secondary was a private school, Instituto Mexico and was intesting because is about Catholics. Every morning we prayed, and always hen a class was to begin, we must pray. That was a three years of a good experience in my life. I liked when we go to spirituals retreats. The whole day we were prayed. We had a sentence that said: Todo a Jesus por Maria, Todo a Maria para Jesus was like the principal sentence of the institute. And the finished with secondary I come here to San Diego to study high school in Southwest High School I started in 10th grade and for me was super different, the classes, classrooms, teachers, students, school everything. For me was a new experience in my life verybody in their tree. Coming lunch and everybody knows where will be they friends, thats was very funny. I loved the assemblys, when we scrammed to win senior vs. Juniors and everybody with everybody but the happiest moment was my graduation, class of 2011. Sadness but at the same time happiness. In high school everything was cool. Well I hated detention and Saturday school. This is a little of my education life, and then of all of this continuing with the college, where I get my general classes and where I met the best teacher ever, Mr. Lynch.

Vocabulary Tips On the One Hand, On the Other Hand

Vocabulary Tips On the One Hand, On the Other Hand Vocabulary Tips: On the One Hand, On the Other Hand The phrase â€Å"on the one hand†¦ on the other hand† is common in English. But what exactly does it mean? And whose hands are we talking about? Well, if you take our (metaphorical) hand, we’ll be happy to walk you through how to use this phrase correctly in your writing. What Does â€Å"On the One Hand, On the Other Hand† Mean? We use â€Å"on the one hand† and â€Å"on the other hand† to present opposed ideas or points of view: On the one hand, I would like to go to the party. On the other hand, I should get an early night. Here, for example, we can see how â€Å"on the one hand† introduces one possibility (i.e., going to a party), while â€Å"on the other hand† introduces a contrasting possibility (i.e., an early night). The phrase therefore works as a conjunctive adverb, which is an adverb that connects two ideas. And as for whose hands we’re talking about here, the phrase draws on the simple idea of offering someone one choice in your left hand and a different choice in your right hand. Can You Use â€Å"On the Other Hand† by Itself? One point of controversy is whether we should always use â€Å"on the one hand† and â€Å"on the other hand† as a pair. In practice, many people use â€Å"on the other hand† by itself to introduce a contrasting idea. For example, we could rephrase the example above as follows: I would like to go to the party. On the other hand, I should get an early night. â€Å"On the other hand† here has exactly the same meaning as it does above. The only difference is that the first â€Å"hand† is implicit rather than explicit. And most English speakers will understand this without any problems. As such, it is fine to use â€Å"on the other hand† by itself in many contexts. However, some consider using â€Å"on the other hand† by itself informal. As such, you may want to avoid this in formal writing, such as academic papers or business documents. In addition, if you do use â€Å"on the one hand† and â€Å"on the other hand† as a pair, try to keep them close together. This is so the reader can see the connection between the two. It could be within a single sentence, or it could be in successive paragraphs. But if there are several paragraphs or pages between the â€Å"one hand† and the â€Å"other hand,† the connection may be hard to spot.

Kinds of accounting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Kinds of accounting - Essay Example The three major heads in which accounting is divided are financial accounting, managerial accounting and cost accounting. There are other kinds that have been developing as the world is progressing, but they all come under the three umbrellas one way or the other. For clarification and differentiation amongst the three major heads, a brief discussion is presented below (Peter, 2007). The basic purpose that financial accounting serves, is to provide the stakeholders with information to make sound economic decisions (Robert, 2004). Reports are made for the external parties such as the investors, creditors and tax authorities, so that they can extract information regarding how the company is doing. Reports include income statements, balance sheets, cash flow statements and other- they provide a complete picture for external parties to make sound decision and compare them with other organizations’ performances. They are guided by the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) (Robert, 2008). Managerial accounting is another major branch of accounting. It provides information that is crucial for the internal parties or the managers or employees, helping in understanding the running of the businesses. They provide information to the internal stakeholders that help them understanding the management and control functions within the organization. It is forward looking, that is, it is mostly based on projections and assumptions rather than the history of the organization. Management accounting is also termed as cost accounting, where product costing is also a part of managerial accounting. All these types of accounting that come under managerial accounting; help the managers make sound decisions about management and control of the organizational functions (Ray, 2008). Cost accounting comes under the umbrella of managerial accounting but serves a unique purpose. Cost accounting helps in budgeting, establishing the actual

American revolution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

American revolution - Essay Example They considered the British ruling to be unfair. All the peace deals they stroke with them always backfired and the Americans got very little representation in parliament. Most colonists including the French and Indians wanted to move part ways with the British administration thus making the fight for independence in America inevitable. By 1665, the Gross national Product (GNP) of the North America’s economy had grown with a huge margin of close to 25 times the normal rate. This meant that the British colonists led a lavish lifestyle (Foner 45). This made the Americans uncomfortable because they were the ones subjected to heavy taxes. Such a difference in ideological bearing in terms of social status and governance forced the Americans to push for changes and dare the British colonists into war until they could realize their independence. The war had little impact on the religious sector in America. The traditional churches grew stronger than they were before the war. Since churches were good weapons of passing the message to authorities, by 1845, the Methodist Episcopal Church had grown to be one of the largest churches in America. In Mexico for instance, the introduction of formal education suppressed the Mexico’s Indian culture. On the contrary, the art industry improved because Indian and Christian romanticism was mixed to improve the Mural art. A historical journey for America’s independence involved lots of bloody battles, cruelty, perseverance and persistence. It was actually inevitable because the British colonial government was unfair and could often mistreat Americans. The later were subjected to a series of taxes and violation of Acts with the aim of benefiting the colonial masters. Even after revolution, it is evident most Americans restored their cultured with exception of a few minority groups like the Indians, who were suppressed by the introduction of formal

Outrigger Case Study Essay Example for Free

Outrigger Case Study Essay Though the hotel and resorts industry has suffered due to the declining economy over the past several years, Outrigger Hotels and Resorts (â€Å"Outrigger†) has been able to maintain a strong niche market in Hawaii as well as beginning to expand geographically, establishing a stronger international presence. Though they began as major competitors with companies like Marriott, Hilton, and Starwood, Outrigger has been able to diversify its product portfolio mainly through acquisitions to appeal to a wider customer base. Outrigger created OHANA hotels to attract more â€Å"budget travelers† as well as beginning to offer condominiums off the beach front to appeal to regular travelers that vacationed more frequently. In these new markets, Outrigger benefited from no direct competition and is able to benefit from a diversified product portfolio. Outrigger has enjoyed success in these new markets but has faced many problems due to their entrance into these slightly different markets. In spite of Outrigger’s aggressive geographical and product expansion in new markets, it has preferred to maintain a centralized management structure. Along with their centralized management structure Outrigger has tried to develop centralized operations and information systems. Outrigger’s operations and IT infrastructure in Hawaii were highly centralized. Outrigger’s properties in Hawaii all utilized the same Central Reservation Office; however all other properties located outside of Hawaii handled their reservations in house, limiting collection of important customer data and missing out on the opportunity to enjoy significant cross-property traffic. All properties in Hawaii ran on a JD Edwards ERP as the cornerstone of Outrigger’s back office operations while running Stellax, their integrated CRS/PMS, providing revenue management, reservation center support, and enabled data collection for further analysis on their E.piphany software. This integrated IT infrastructure has allowed Outrigger to â€Å"harness the analytical power of E.piphany to do forecasts and generate business intelligence both at the source of business and at guest levels.† Properties outside of Hawaii are not allowed to benefit from integration of IT and information systems since they run on similar but different systems that do not allow for real time electronic interface with other hotel locations and wholesalers of vacations. Outrigger believes that a  centralized IT infrastructure and systems is a source of competitive advantage. However, as the firm has diversified its product portfolio and geographic presence they have been sacrificing the centralization of IT infrastructure and have been unable to harness the potential benefits of integrated systems in their international markets. To remedy this problem of a lack of integration and communication, Outrigger could expand their use of Stellax to its international locations, develop a new PMS/CRS system that better could better handle the different needs of Outriggers’ properties in different markets, or move its information sharing to the cloud for better communication between properties. Expansion of Stellax would benefit Outrigger by enabling consistent data gathering and analysis of important business and customer information that could allow for rewards programs that could increase profitability through cross-property traffic and meeting the needs of the customer better. This expansion of Stellax would be expensive and could create problems due to differences in needs between properties in Hawaii and international properties. Development of a new PMS/CRS platform that would be better suited for the wide variety of needs between different properties, though customization could be achieved through the ap plication of add-on modules that could tailor the new PMS/CRS system to the unique needs of each individual property. This solution could be very complicated and much more expensive then the first alternative due to the degree of customization. In addition, this option could create a more decentralized structure when Outrigger is trying to achieve increased centralization of operations. Lastly, Outrigger could move their information sharing between properties to the cloud. This option is less expensive than the other alternatives but would offer limited benefits. Though properties would be able to share business and customer information, analysis would be limited due to different data gathering techniques and differences between the type of business and customer data that each individual property’s system collected. To enable better integration of properties and to create a more centralized IT and systems infrastructure, Outrigger should develop a new PMS/CRS platform that would meet the needs of their diversified product markets. Though this option is most expensive it offers the most centralized structure and the greatest potential value for  Outrigger. Stellax is very outdated even though it still suits the needs of properties in Hawaii, but not the needs of Outrigger’s international properties. By developing a new customizable PMS/CRS platform, Outrigger would become much more centralized and could create value from its diversified portfolio of projects through the utilization of rewards programs that promote cross-selling of Outrigger properties and harnesses the power of business and customer information that is consistent between Hawaii properties as well as international properties. To track to success of such a large system implementation Outrigger could track the amount of customers that visit multiple Outrigger locations and the success of cross-selling of properties through the tracking of customer’s redeeming rewards points they earned through staying a multiple different Outrigger properties. Implementation of brand new software is risky however if it is properly managed and implemented correctly the rewards could greatly outweigh the cost.

bud palmateer :: essays research papers

Bud Palmateer â€Å"It’s never over to it’s over†. This is Bud Palmateers favorite quote. That is his favorite quote because it is a powerful inspiration to him. Finish things to the best of his ability. It also gives him the motivation and confidence to achieve his goals. Bud Palmateer was born on January 1, 1943 in Yale Michigan. His parents Glen Ford and Phyllis Palmateer raised him. He grew up on a large family dairy farm. He has six brothers and one sister. Their names are Sharon, Charles, Harold, Donald, Jim, Timothy, and Thomas. Bud’s favorite games as a kid were baseball, and cops & robbers. Over his lifetime he has had 8 dogs. Their names where Buzz, Lucky, Brownie, Patsy, Scotty, Hidey, Elmo, and Max. His favorite memory as a kid was when he got his first bike; it was a 3 speed Schwinn Corvette. As a teenager, Bud had to milk cows, in the morning and in the evening. They had about 36 milking cows. Bud’s favorite subject in school was music class and choir. He attended Yale high school, and Eastern Michigan University. The one family tradition Bud participated in was going to church every Sunday morning. Bud had a curfew of about 10 o’clock p.m., but it got a little later as he got older. He lived and worked on his family’s dairy farm. It was in the countryside of Yale, Michigan. Bud was in college when the Vietnam War was taking place and because of the fact he did not want to be drafted he was motivated to stay in school. Buds first job besides working on his family’s dairy farm was working at a gas station. He was paid 90 cents an hour pumping gas. Bud got married at the age of 24. He met his wife at a church group. He has been married now for 38 years. Bud went to Alaska in August of 1969. Him and his wife drove 4,000 miles to get to a dairy farm by Fair Banks, Alaska. It took them about 10 days to make the trip by car. During their trip they were able to see the Rocky Mountains. While they drove by the Rockies they saw mountain goats. During their few month stay in Alaska, they lived in a log cabin on the dairy farm. Bud was able to hunt moose and bear which he enjoyed.

Caterpillar Ethics

Caterpillar’s Views on Ethics and Sustainability Caterpillar, Inc. is indeed one of the World’s most Ethical companies. In 2011 it was listed in Ethisphere’s World’s Most Ethical (WME) Companies under Industrial Manufacturing. Personal Ethics Caterpillar has a worldwide Code of Conduct. The values it stresses are integrity, excellence, teamwork, commitment. They understand the importance of diversity and strive to achieve all of the above values given a diverse world environment and despite their differences. They feel that compliance within the laws are not sufficient.They want be leaders in ethics. They require all leaders within the company to be a role model and follow all of the rules with the Worldwide Code of Conduct. They are known to have a value-based culture. They are honest and refuse to make any â€Å"improper payments† of any sort. Ethics within the Supply Chain Caterpillar says in their Worldwide Code of Conduct that they â€Å"seek strong, mutually rewarding business relationships with suppliers who enhance the value of our products and services through close collaboration throughout the entire life cycle.We view suppliers as extensions of our company and an essential part of our extended value chain. We look for suppliers and business allies who demonstrate strong values and ethical principles and who support our commitment to quality. We avoid those who violate the law or fail to comply with the sound business practices we embrace. No supplier is required to buy Caterpillar products in order to compete for business or to continue as a supplier.We do reserve the right, consistent with applicable law, to require suppliers to use Caterpillar equipment when performing work on Caterpillar premises and where Caterpillar offers a product appropriate for the work being performed. We encourage fair competition among our potential suppliers, contractors and other vendors, and work equitably and reasonably with allâ₠¬ . Ethical Behavior Regarding the Environment Caterpillar strives to come up with solutions that improve their operations efficiency in a sustainable way.They balance innovation and technology to improve their productivity and efficiency while reducing their environmental footprint. One major way they are accomplishing this is with their fast growing remanufacturing business. This is where they return end-of-life components to same-as-new condition. By doing so, they vastly reduce the amount of waste and minimize the need for the amount of raw material needed to produce new parts.

Communication In The Classroom Essay

What is the difference between discussions you would have in a college class and a casual conversation with a friend? I think there are many differences between a college discussion and a casual conversation, I feel this way because when classmates get together they discuss the things that they learned in class. The difference in a casual friend conversation is the use of their language. When I was attending Colorado Technical school, we had to conduct group sessions via being on a telephone speaker, and I noticed that a during a college discussion the students spoke clean, clearly, and respectfully toward one another. When I was involved in discussions with my group we kept a positive attitude and never spoke to one another in a negative manner. I later noticed that when I spoke to a casual friend, the conversation was totally different, we used slang words and somethings we used foul language. So, with this said, there is a lot of difference in the communication in the classroom between fellow classmates and friends. My friends understand our language between ourselves, but, I wouldn’t try to communicate with people in the same manner, because both relationships are totally different and need to be handled in a separate manner at all  times. What are the three different ways you can demonstrate respect for your fellow classmates during discussions. When I read the information about the communication in the classroom, it brought back memories of when I was attended Colorado Technical College, we had a simular discussion concerning how we should demonstrate respect for my classmates. I learned from the reading and from my previous class, that it’s always good to think about what I am going to say first, before I raise my hand. My opinion is that we should show respect for our classmates, by giving them a chance to share their opinions, ask questions or  even answer questions. I also think raising your hand shows respect to the professor, but, in our case, we attend class online. I feel showing respect while in class can consist of such paying attention and making eye contact to a person who is speaking. I’ve noticed in my pass experiences, doing this shows the person that they have your full attention. Last, I feel that a way to demonstrate respect is to always address people with their names. Or, by their nicknames if they are okay with being addressed in that manner. It’s also respectful to address the professors, the University staff in a proper manner as well.

The Road Not Taken - an analysis Essays - The Road Not Taken

The Road Not Taken - an analysis Essays - The Road Not Taken The Road Not Taken - an analysis Title: The Road Not Taken - an analysis "Do not follow where the path may lead... Go instead where there is no path and leave a trail." -Robert Frost Everyone is a traveler, choosing the roads to follow on the map of their continuous journey, life. There is never a straight path that leaves one with but a sole direction in which to head. Regardless of the original message that Robert Frost had intended to convey, his poem, "The Road Not Taken", has left its readers with many different interpretations. It is ones past, present and the attitude with which he looks upon his future that determines the shade of the light that he will see the poem in. In any case however, this poem clearly demonstrates Frosts belief that it is the road that one chooses that makes him the man who he is. "And sorry I could not travel both..." It is always difficult to make a decision because it is impossible not to wonder about the opportunity cost, what will be missed out on. There is a strong sense of regret before the choice is even made and it lies in the knowledge that in one lifetime, it is impossible to travel down every path. In an attempt to make a decision, the traveler "looks down one as far as I could". The road that will be chosen leads to the unknown, as does any choice in life. As much he may strain his eyes to see as far the road stretches, eventually it surpasses his vision and he can never see where it is going to lead. It is the way that he chooses here that sets him off on his journey and decides where he is going. "Then took the other, just as fair, and having perhaps the better claim." What made it have the better claim is that "it was grassy and wanted wear." It was something that was obviously not for everyone because it seemed that the majority of people took the other path therefore he calls it "the road less travelled by". The fact that the traveler took this path over the more popular, secure one indicates the type of personality he has, one that does not want to necessarily follow the crowd but do more of what has never been done, what is new and different. "And both that morning equally lay in leaves no step had trodden black." The leaves had covered the ground and since the time they had fallen no one had yet to pass by on this road. Perhaps Frost does this because each time a person comes to the point where they have to make a choice, it is new to them, somewhere they have never been and they tend to feel as though no one else had ever been there either. "I kept the first for another day!" The desire to travel down both paths is expressed and is not unusual, but "knowing how way leads on to way", the speaker of this poem realizes that the decision is not just a temporary one and he "doubted if I should ever come back." This is his common sense speaking and acknowledging that what he chooses now will affect every other choice he makes afterward. Once you have performed an act or spoken a word that crystalizes who you are, there is no turning back, it cannot be undone. Once again at the end of the poem the regret hangs over the traveler like a heavy cloud about to burst. He realizes that at the end of his life, "somewhere ages and ages hence", he will have regrets about having never gone back and traveling down the roads he did not take. Yet he remains proud of his decision and he recognizes that it was this path that he chose that made him turn out the way and he did and live his life the way in which he lived. "I took the road less trvaeled by and that had made all the difference." To this man, what was most important, what really made the difference, is that he did what he

What Is the Average SAT Score for Colleges

What Is the Average SAT Score for Colleges SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips If you're preparing for the SAT or have received your SAT scores, you may be wondering what score you need to get into college. What's an average SAT score for colleges? In this article, I'll explain average SAT scores and what they mean for you. Find out how to calculate the score you need to help reach your college goals. What Is the Average SAT Score for Colleges? Each year, the College Board reports the average SAT scores for college-bound high school seniors who take the SAT. Generally, the mean section score is around a 500. These are the most recent national SAT averages for the SAT in 2018: Evidence-BasedReading and Writing:536 Math:531 Total:1068 If you score a 1100 or better, you'll have a higher score than more than 50% of college-bound high school seniors. How to Find the Average SAT Score of a Specific College While you may want to know how your SAT score stacks up against others who take the test, what really matters is how your score compares to other applicants of the colleges you apply to. Even though a 1350 will be well above the national average, a 1350 is significantly below the average SAT for Ivy League schools. So although a 1350 is a very good score, you’ll be at a competitive disadvantage if you apply to any Ivy League school with a 1350. Conversely, if you apply to Cal States, a 1350 will exceed the average of any California State University campus, and you’ll improve your chances of getting accepted if you get that score. You can find the average SAT scores of different colleges in the PrepScholar database.Just google â€Å"prepscholar (name of school) SAT† to find a school’s profile. On the school profile, you can check out its average GPA, average SAT score, and acceptance rate. Scroll down to look for thenewSAT score- we've calculated it for you! According to the PrepScholar database, the average new SAT score for Princeton is 1520. For Ohio state, the average SAT score is 1330. Mark Kesling/Flickr What Does the Average SAT Score of a College Mean to You? If you want to get into a certain school, your SAT score should be comparable to the average score for the college’s admits. To give yourself the best chance of gaining admission to a specific school, we recommend that your goal should be to get at least a 75th percentile score for that college. The 75th percentile score for Princeton is 1590. Therefore, if you want to go to Princeton, your target score should be a 1590. Because Princeton's acceptance rate is only around 7%, you should try to comfortably exceed its average score to gain admission. Similarly, the 75th percentile score for Ohio State is a 1440. If you want to be an Ohio State Buckeye, you should be aiming for at least a 1440. What If You Don’t Get Your Target Score? If you don’t get the 75th percentile score or even the average SAT score for a specific college, that doesn’t necessarily mean that you have no chance to get admitted. However, if you still have time to reach your target score, it’s probably in your best interest to study and attempt to improve your score. You can compensate for lower test scores with a higher GPA. Generally, schools place a greater emphasis on your transcript than on your standardized test scores. On each school’s profile in the PrepScholar database, you can use our admissions calculator by entering your GPA and SAT score to get a rough estimate of your chances of gaining admission to that school. Also, keep in mind that colleges tend to use holistic admissions, meaning that everything is considered when colleges determine whom to accept. They’ll evaluate your transcript, test scores, extracurricular activities, recommendations, application essays, and any other factors that admissions officers deem relevant. If you've faced any significant obstacles, colleges will also take this into account. Just because you don’t reach your target score doesn’t necessarily mean that you have no chance to get admitted. However, while most colleges don't claim to have a minimum SAT score, if your score isn't close to the average score for a particular school, you may have virtually no chance of getting accepted. Even if you have great grades and stellar extracurricular accomplishments, you probably don't have a realistic shot of getting into Harvard if your SAT score is lower than 1080 (the average for college-bound seniors). While standardized tests aren't the only determining factor in college admissions, most colleges use the SAT to ensure that you're capable of succeeding academically. Do your best to get your target score! What's Next? Not sure where you want to apply to for college? Read our handy guide to help narrow down your college choices. Now that you're familiar with the average SAT score for colleges, learn more about minimum SAT scores for colleges. How do things look different if you're thinking of taking the ACT? Find out the average ACT scores for college here. Want to learn more about the SAT but tired of reading blog articles? Then you'll love our free, SAT prep livestreams. Designed and led by PrepScholar SAT experts, these live video events are a great resource for students and parents looking to learn more about the SAT and SAT prep. Click on the button below to register for one of our livestreams today!

MGMT458 U1 IP AVON Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

MGMT458 U1 IP AVON - Research Paper Example At that point, it goes on. It weighs in at 249 words that blanket everything from surpassing contenders to expanding shareholder quality to battling breast disease. Its incredible to do numerous essential things at the same time, yet your Mission statement ought to give workers and the globe at large with one or two key objectives that characterize accomplishment in your universe. In the event that one cannot get that into a sentence or two, backpedal and attempt once more. This is not a Mission essay it is a Mission Statement. The company should Attempt to total up your whole organizations mission in one or two sentences. It should Consider it thusly: its Mission Statement, at its best, ought to have the capacity to twofold as its slogan. Compact Mission Statements are additionally more memorable and powerful. Therefore, there is no compelling reason to make it excessively complicated; simply state the motivation behind your organization, your explanation behind beginning it in any case. No, mission statements can—and ought to have that hopeful twist, yet they should serve a true need. There are four key components found in successful Statement: Value, Inspiration, Plausibility, and Specificity. In several short sentences, the company ought to have the capacity to pass on the estimation of the organization, why its brand exists, rouse and empower your workers, sound totally sensible and possible, and be as particular and relevant as could be expected under the circumstances. The company should discover a key subject for its organization, and verify each of these segments rotate around it. Moreover, Mission statements might be fiercely not quite the same as one organization to the next. The thought here is to pick whether you need your organizations announcement to reflect its transient objectives or its long haul yearnings. Make sure to pick stand

Emigration in USA Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Emigration in USA - Essay Example Individual immigrants will win in the sense that after being employed in the formal or informal sectors their disposable income will increase. Additionally, individual immigrants will be covered by the government in terms of provision of health care as well as security. Based on their skills and experience, immigrants will acquire well paying jobs as well as political positions. One of the notable implications of the immigration is that it will create stiff competition between domestic workers and immigrant workers thus making the domestic workers to be losers. A major result of the immigration is that racism is likely to emerge between various groups. For instance, there have been cases of social conflicts between Korean immigrants and the black. This occurred during the 1992 riots in Los Angeles. Similarly, non-white Latino and African American group have been involved in conflicts that not only affect their economic productivity but also their social life. As a nation, US will benefit in various ways for example economic growth, technology advancement and adequate market for goods among others. According to Smith and Barry 26, immigrants significantly contribute to the US economy. For example, each year $10 billion is contributed to the US economy by immigrants. Based on the fact that US heavily rely on its own resources, immigrants act as a major source of labor as well as market for locally produced goods. To address the issue of racism and social conflicts that affect various groups, it is imperative to create forums that will entail interaction of various groups with an aim of preaching peace. Additionally, it is fundamental for government to streamline employment policies that will enable equal employment opportunities for domestic workers as well as immigrants. It is necessary to reduce the number of losers and increase the number of winners for example by providing equal economic opportunities for

Contemporary management practise Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Contemporary management practise - Essay Example In order to better understand the Ford Market, a Pestle and Swot analysis can be done. As Ford Motors is mostly controlled by the Ford family; the government and outside partners have very little stake over the company. As a result, the company has not been influenced by the increasing volatility of the political market. However, as a result of the taxation policies and political conspiracies, the company is seeing a continuous decline in demand in the European market. One of the factors which might have critical influence on the overall market of Ford in United Kingdom is purchasing power of potential target market. The inflation rate of the economy is low which a good sign for organisations in this sector. In order to match the market requirements, the company can minimise cost structure of its low-end products. Ford has shifted from its traditional advertising mode to a more creative and aggressive campaigning. As consumer spending is increasing and more and more customers are opting for cars, Ford has started expanding its current base of target customers, focussing on college goers as well as women professionals. The advertisements also focus on environment and sustainability in order to build greater brand equity of the company. Rising number of consumers are using internet and this can be a good opportunity for Ford to establish online marketing strategies for its target market (Aharoni and Ramamurti, 2011). The company has launched new economic car variants with major emphasis on factors such as, environmental pollution, car safety and recycling. With changing trends among consumers and industry towards more eco-friendly automobiles, Ford has also started focussing on more economic and fuel efficient engines (Mullins, 2007). One of the major developments in Ford’s growth came from technology. The company has inspired other competitors as well as the entire industry by launching some

Hydrogenating ability of Wilkinsons catalyst

Hydrogenating ability of Wilkinsons catalyst Wilkinsons catalyst was prepared from rhodium (III) chloride and refluxed in ethanol with triphenylphosphine, with a measured yield of 72.7%. The efficacy and regioselectivity of Wilkinsons catalyst was then assessed by reaction with carvone in an atmosphere of hydrogen gas at 1 atm, and the product was analysed by 1H-NMR spectroscopy. Introduction Tris-(Triphenylphophine)chloro rhodium(I) was discovered and first profiled by Wilkinson et al in 1965, and noted for its ability to selectively hydrogenate terminal alkenes to alkanes[1]. It was only with the further publishing in 1968 that Wilkinsons catalyst was thoroughly characterised.[2] It was the first homogenous catalyst with the ability to perform this function at a rate similar to that of heterogenous catalysts, without having to resort to high pressures or temperatures in the process. Wilkinsons catalyst is unusual in its ability to easily form a dihydride, despite it being a diphosphine, since these compounds are often either short-lived or difficult to detect.[3] In the above diagram, Wilkinsons catalyst (1) undergoes ligand substitution with a solvent molecule to create the active form of Wilkinsons catalyst (2)[4]. Hydrogen is then attached via oxidative addition (3)4, oxidising Rhodium from +1 to +3 oxidation state and resulting in a change of colour from red to yellow[5]. The prepared catalyst is then injected into the mixture, at which point it complexes with the rhodium centre via the pi bond (4)[6]. The solvent then leaves the complex (5). H migrates to the alkene first due to proximity, with H migrating second[7]. A solvent molecule takes the place of the leaving alkane, converting the catalyst back to its active form (7). The pi bond formed between the alkene and the Rhodium is characterised by back-donation from a d-orbital overlap with the ?* anti-bonding orbital. This back donation, coupled with donation from the ? bond on the alkene results in the ? bond being much weaker and more susceptible to being broken than uncoordinated ethene. 13C-NMR has shown that bonds formed between the a rhodium centre and other alkene complexes bond show significant s-character, typified by downfield shift, or in other words, lack of electron density surrounding them compared to typical alkene spectrum[9]. This lack of electron density makes the carbon atoms very attractive targets for the hydride ligands attached to the Rhodium to migrate to. It is this ability to remove electron density from the alkene ? orbital, while simultaneously back-donating density to the ?* that makes Wilkinsons catalyst so effective. Wilkinsons catalyst cannot hydrogenate areas of conjugation, so theoretically only bond (3) should be hydrogenated in the presence of hydrogen and Wilkinsons catalyst[10]. This experiment will assess the selectivity of the hydrogenating abilities of Wilkinsons catalyst, and its regioselectivity and chemoselectivity in regards to a molecule with several areas capable of hydrogenation. The products in this experiment will be analysed using 1H-NMR data. Experimental Preparation of catalyst Triphenylphosphine (0.52g, 1.98mmol) was dissolved in ethanol (20ml). RhCl3.3H2O (0.08g, 0.3mmol) was dissolved in ethanol (4ml). Both solutions were degassed with nitrogen. The rhodium solution was then added to the PPh3 solution and this was refluxed in a nitrogen atmosphere for 90 minutes. After cooling, the remaining solution and precipitate were removed and filtered via sinter funnel filtration. The yield for the Wilkinson catalyst was determined (0.180g, 0.218mmol, 72.7%). Hydrogenation of carvone Under a pressure of one atmosphere of hydrogen, a flask was injected with the previously prepared catalyst. Carvone (0.5g, 3.33mmol), in a solution of toluene (2ml) was then added to this flask. Consumption of hydrogen, measured using syringes, was recorded at 46cm3, (2.05mmol) representing a 61.6% yield of the hydrogenated carvone product. Results Colour changes Rhodium (III) chloride powder is a black powder. As reflux progressed and the Wilkinsons catalyst was produced, the solution went slowly from black to a brown-red suspension. This is illustrated in figure 4. Hudson et al have also reported an unknown brown precipitate, which appeared to exhibit similar catalytic properties[11]. Wilkinson et al also reported orange precipitate with identical chemical properties[12]. Yields and Errors A total of 0.180g of Wilkinsons catalyst was produced in the experiment, a 72.7% yield, which compares favourably with other studies indicating yields of between 60[13]-88[14]%. 46cm3 of hydrogen gas was absorbed in the process of the experiment, representing a total absorbance of 2.05mmol of hydrogen gas. In passing gas through the solution, it turned yellow, which is consistent with other experimental observations[15] [16]. Considerable agitation of the solution was required so as to allow adequate complexation of the hydrogen gas. Assuming the entirety of this gas hydrogenated the terminal olefin group in carvone; this represents a 61.6% yield of hydrogenation. However, it is entirely likely that a higher yield would have been obtained had the experiment continued for a longer period of time. The yield of hydrogen gas may also be misleading since it is difficult to completely hermetically seal all the apparatus, and it is also difficult to estimate the extent to which gas may have escaped from the reaction vessel. Products obtained from hydrogenation Carvone has several sites available for hydrogenation/reduction. However, RhCl(PPh3)3 will only selectively hydrogenate terminal alkenes, as described by Wilkinson et al. This hypothesis is supported by 1H-NMR data[17] of carvone and the product of hydrogenation. There is no change at peaks 6.69ppm, indicating that this protons environment was not affected by the hydrogenation. The slight downfield shift of the protons of signal between 2.2-2.7ppm to an area between 1.9-2.5ppm indicates that there is less electron density surrounding these protons. These signals were assigned to groups near to the hydrogenated bond, and so this is fairly conclusive evidence that the terminal bond was hydrogenated. The minor signal at 4.72 and 4.75ppm indicate a slight contamination of the sample with carvone. Conclusion The yield obtained by the method followed to synthesize Wilkinsons catalyst afforded values similar to that given in literature. The experiment clearly demonstrated by 1H-NMR data that Wilkinsons catalyst efficiently hydrogenates terminal alkene bonds selectively. A more quantitative study could be performed, wherein systems containing non-conjugated alkene systems were tested for hydrogenation. This would allow more stringent analysis and more precise definition of the hydrogenation abilities of Wilkinsons catalyst. Acknowledgements I would like to thank my demonstrators Mr Adam Bunt and Mr Li-Chen Han for their valuable advice and discussion during the experiment. References J.A.Osborn, G.Wilkinson, J.F.Young, Chem. Comm., 1965, 17 S. Montelatici, A. van der Ent, J. A. Osborn, G. Wilkinson, J. Chem. Soc A, 1968, 1054-1058 Illya D. Dridnev, T. Imamoto, Chem. Commun., 2009, 7447-7464 T. N. Sorrell, Organic Chemistry, University Science Books (2006), pp.503 S. Montelatici, A. van der Ent, J. A. Osborn, G. Wilkinson, J. Chem. Soc A, 1968, 1054-1058 P.S. Kalsi, Stereochemistry Conformation and Mechanism 6th Edition, New Age International (2005), pp.449 M. Carvalho, L. F. Wieserman, D. M. Hercules, App. Spec., Vol. 6, Iss. 3, pp. 290-296 P. Atkins, T. Overton, J Rourke, M. Weller, F. Armstrong, Shriver and Atkins Inorganic Chemistry 8th Edition, Oxford University Press, 2006, pp.536 W. von Phillipsborn, Pure Appl. Chem., Vol. 58, No. 4, pp. 513-528 J. A. Osborn, F. H. Jardine, J. F. Young, G. Wilkinson, J. Chem. Soc. A, 1966, 1711-1732 B. Hudson, P. C. Taylor, D. E. Webster, P. B. Wells, Discuss. Faraday Soc., 1968, 46, 37-47 S. Montelatici, A. van der Ent, J. A. Osborn, G. Wilkinson, J. Chem. Soc A, 1968, 1054-1058 B. Hudson, P. C. Taylor, D. E. Webster, P. B. Wells, Discuss. Faraday Soc., 1968, 46, 37-47 S. Montelatici, A. van der Ent, J. A. Osborn, G. Wilkinson, J. Chem. Soc A, 1968, 1054-1058 S. Montelatici, A. van der Ent, J. A. Osborn, G. Wilkinson, J. Chem. Soc A, 1968, 1054-1058 J. A. Osborn, F. H. Jardine, J. F. Young, G. Wilkinson, J. Chem. Soc. A, 1966, 1711-1732 1H-NMR spectrum data taken from http://dlm.chm.bris.ac.uk/dlm2009-10/file.php/28/resources/Wilkinson_NMR.pdf

Djuna Barnes: A Forgotten Ferocity of the 1920s Essay example -- puzzl

Djuna Barnes was an outspoken and fiercely witty modernist writer of the 1920’s. She was known for her somewhat puzzling writing, her bravery when it came to her own journalism, and her everyday intense persona. She is a figure that, one would think, would have never been forgotten, yet with time, and somewhat by her own doing, she has faded into the background of the 1920’s writers. So much so that, â€Å"Barnes once described herself as 'the most famous unknown writer', and this was an astute remark.† (Loncraine.) Barnes was born in 1892, in New York state to her mother and her eccentric Father (who was rather fond of polyamory). She lived in a home with her Grandmother, Father, Mother, her Father’s Mistress, and her brothers and sisters. She and her sibling were never formally schooled, but instead taught by their Grandmother, whose description in Rebecca Loncraine’s article, lends an understanding to Djuna’s unique personality, The Barnes children were all educated at home, largely by their grandmother, Zadel Barnes, who was a suffragist, journalist and spirit medium. Barnes's childhood was not happy, and it haunted her writing. (Loncraine) After the separation of her parents, in 1912, she with her Mother and brothers, moved to New York City. She studied at the Pratt Institute of art, until financial troubles forced her to look for work to support her family and her grandmother’s failing health. She is said to have walked into the Brooklyn Daily Eagle and announced, â€Å"I can draw and write, and you’d be a fool not to hire me,† a bold statement that landed her a job in journalism, where her career as a soon to be modernist would begin to flourish. Just as her statement that landed her the job was bold, so was her approach to writ... ...er writer in Paris in the 1920s. For Joyce presented Miss Barnes in 1923 with the original manuscript of Ulysses containing all of it’s annotations. Works Cited: Loncraine, Rebecca. "Djuna Barnes: an unknown modernist: Rebecca Loncraine introduces Djuna Barnes, one of America's least known and most intriguing Modernist writers." The English Review 15.3 (2005): 34+. Literature Resource Center. Web. 7 Apr. 2014. Field, Andrew, and Andrew Field. Djuna, the Formidable Miss Barnes. Austin: University of Texas, 1985. Print. Bombaci, Nancy. "â€Å"Well Of Course, I Used To Be Absolutely Gorgeous Dear†: The Female Interviewer As Subject/Object In Djuna Barnes's Journalism." Criticism 44.2 (2002): 161-185. Art Full Text (H.W. Wilson). Web. 7 Apr. 2014. Barnes, Djuna. The Book of Repulsive Women: 8 Rhythms and 5 Drawings. Los Angeles, CA: Sun & Moon, 1994. Print.

Gary Kelly Essay

Mr. Gary Kelly is the chief executive officer, CEO, of Southwest Airlines. Mr. Kelly was the chief financial officer, CFO, for Southwest Airlines from 1989 until 2004. He has served as the CEO of Southwest Airlines since 2004. I will provide concrete examples of how Southwest Airlines displays its corporate culture. I will describe what traits and skills Mr. Kelly possess which make him an effective leader. I will identify the core competencies of Southwest Airlines. â€Å"According to Herb Kelleher, Southwest started on focusing on people as people and identifying them as valuable assets of the company. Herb Kelleher and his management team emphasize an easy going relaxed corporate style that provides employees with extensive operational independence. Southwest’s culture, which emphasizes employees as the airline’s â€Å"first customers† and passengers as the second, has been integral to Southwest’s success†. (Smith) The concept of treating your customers well and your employees better is not a new concept, by any means. The trouble with that concept occurs when the company loses touch with the people that actually pay the salaries, the customer. I have worked for a company, that no longer exists, that treated their upper managers like royalty; the IT person drove a company car that was a brand new Hummer. All of the profit went to bling and not back into the company. â€Å"The skills and traits that he possesses are human resourcing. Making sure his team has all the proper training knowledge and knows how to make his customers happy. He also believes in making sure his people (employees) are even happier. They are the key to making his business a success, if your employees are happy there is no reason why your customers will want to come back and be serviced by them. Kelly is a great decision maker in these trying economic times. With his decision making skills led him to the innovative idea of bags fly free. Tag that up with his leadership skills and there is no reason why this  company wouldn’t be a success†. (Shaw, 2013) I read somewhere that Mr. Kelly would hold cookouts for his people and that the overnight crews got upset because, due to scheduling, they could not attend. Kelly’s solution; the pilots and he held cookouts for the overnight crews at 2:00 am. That way the crews could enjoy the fruits of their hard work. Talk about insuring employee loyalty; WOW! The core competencies of Southwest Airlines that I was able to find are locking up fuel hedging contracts, keeping cost down through fast turnaround times, flying only one type of aircraft, treating customers like kings and queens, and treating employees even better than the customers. By locking up fuel hedging contracts, Southwest was able to pay less for the fuel than other competing airlines. While facing possible layoffs, Kelly challenged his ground crews to reduce the turnaround times from 55 minutes to 15 minutes. The crews were at to achieve that goal and eliminated the possibility of layoffs. By having a fleet of only having Boeing 737s, Southwest has been able to keep maintenance cost extremely low. Southwest has had their flight attendants play games with their customers, while in flight. An example of this is the flight attendants would say that the first customer to show them that they were wearing socks with a hole in them would receive a free round trip ticket anywhere that Southwest flew. As for treating their employees better than the customer; the whole cookout idea pretty much covers that core competency. I have provided concrete examples of how Southwest Airlines display its corporate culture. I had explained the traits and skills that make Gary Kelly an effective leader. I had identified the core competencies of Southwest Airline. With what I have learned about Gary Kelly and Southwest Airlines, the more companies and their leadership that try to immolate him, the more satisfying being a customer would become. References Shaw. (2013, May 24). http://www.antiessays.com/. Retrieved October 8, 2013, from Anti Essay: http://www.antiessays.com/free-essays/476967.html Smith, G. (n.d.). An evaluation of the corporate culture of Southwest Airlines. Measuring Business Excellence, 8(4), pp. 26-33.

Logistics

Case Study report of DHL Abstract The rapid development of global commerce has drove logistics to reduce products lifecycles, increase response and action efficiency and optimize investments of inventory for current businesses. Therefore, logistics plays a pivotal role in nowadays commerce. The objective of the report is to discuss and evaluate the existing logistics theories. Whereas, DHL will be selected as a case study so as to get a further understanding on logistics according to the analysis result. IntroductionAs with the growing complexity of transporting goods and supplying materials for a business in world’s supply chain, expertise that developed to deal with this kind of problem is imperative so logistics. The concept of logistics is not specific, the world’s formal definition is ‘Logistics is the management science of supply chain and the art of controlling and managing any kinds of resources flow like products, information, petrol and even people betwe en the origin point and the consumption terminal so as to satisfy clients’ demand’.Logistics is in relation to the process of moving the right products and services at the right quality to the right place at the right time with right prices. It is said to be the essential part of any marketing or manufacturing activities. Logistics involves Literature Review Since the value of time becomes more and more important in today’s global commerce, transportation speed and delivery reliability are necessary for companies to compete emulously in business operations which drives logistics industry to improve service standard.In 1996, Kostecki pointed that conscientious in accordance with service determine logistics companies’ emulously advantage and success. To that content, an important part to be integrated into time management for logistics industry is operating business with clients effectively and innovating more efficiency operation skills with clients. This is important because any inefficiencies and irregularities in operating with customers that happened in different regions can affect the commerce environment significantly for logistics companies argued by Ahanori and Nachum in the year 2000.They said that the current development trend in logistics industry is just in time supply, e-commerce and growing globalization management. In 1998, Altabet predicted that logistics theory would be updated into supply chain management. The impact of effective forecast in the process of supply chain management on a company is significant. Kiely states that it will result in inventory investment reduction, customer satisfactory improvement and product distribution efficiency enhancement. Generally speaking, forecasting eliminates companies’ worry about excess inventory investment so as to increase the efficiency when operates with customers.Another important managerial skill for commerce is the cost management theory. Degraeve and Roodhooft point that over half of entire costs is accounted from external goods and services parchment. In order to hold a competitive position in the logistics market, companies should develop a more dependable and lower cost supply chain while assure high service quality for customers. Some suggests that company can increase the cost management reliability via computer technology. With the increasing importance of globalization transaction, contracts act essential role in international trade.On account of companies always being confronted with the situation of accomplishing orders with deadline and quotas, some suggest a management approach of Vendor management inventory to handle the problem (Waller, 1999). The management project help companies distribute the requirement materials more flexible and offer the possibility of cost reduction and efficiency improvement at the same time. Objectives With the purpose of understanding logistics theory in accordance with practical application and t o see how enterprises apply logistics theory to enhance efficiency and reduce cost . tc. DHL, the global leading logistics player is selected for a case study about its logistics operations in this report. Logistics operation of DHL DHL is the leader of global express, international transportation and air freight. It is the world’s NO. 1 shipping contract logistics provider. DHL offers customers a full range of logistics solutions from documents to supply chain management. As the global biggest logistics expert, DHL is a strong logistics partner for its clients that can offer any kind of freight transportation via water, railway, road and air. It can supply either pecial or shared operations of warehousing and distribution to any kind of industry sectors. On account of DHL is entirely service oriented, it involves no material movement itself but that for clients both consigner and consignee and the intermediaries as well. It just includes physical distribution and procurement . While, procurement involves in packaging materials like paper, plastic and boxes etc. the process is as follows. The first step is to weight and check for condition of the products and materials that collected from the consigners and then pack them according to their various characteristics.After that, products or services will be sent along to their destinations. DHL facilitate service performance via effective forecasting. It means the estimation of time required for both collecting wares from the consigner and that arriving to the final client. The crucial point of DHL’s entire business is timely delivery. The delivery documentation and process will be coordinated based on the approachability and distance to the final consignee. DHL can measure the time that it will cost for the goods to arrive to its end-point precisely.DHL provides customers Web Shipping services that allocate a certain user name and password for each client which allows goods sender and receiver to tr ack goods status via online information center. DHL has won the reputation for its continuous development on supply chain solutions innovation that improves control. It supplies for customers reverse logistics management solutions that enable client design, accomplish and conduct materials flow and regulate corresponding information, support of the supply chain to resize values and guarantee safe-handling of products.It involves receiving, ordering, controlling and conducting returned goods. In addition, DHL offers service for manufactures of service and replacement. It enable customer receive and send manufactures’ replacement parts in terms of pre-designed service such as with a certain deadline. What’s more, DHL offers some services other than physical logistics services such as order management, global inventory management, freight solutions, and customs solutions. The following three figures show the flow process of DHL. Figure [ 1 ] Process Map of DHL Figure [ 2 ] internal process map of DHL Figure [ 3 ] external process map of DHLFive objectives analysis of DHL’s operation Quality DHL has a process of performance measurement so as to supervise the daily working process and understand customers’ voice. The company applies DePict project management approach to track every project in order to ensure their service quality. Furthermore, most units in the management system of DHL are in accordance with the system ISO 9000 which is the global quality controlling standard. Hence, DHL always keeps a high level service quality. Speed DHL provides its client’s specialized solutions so as to ensure a faster response speed to the changing marketplace.For its different kind of customers such as automotive, retail and fashion, DHL offers each of them unique logistics solutions so as to enable a lower response time to the market. Dependability DHL is a leading player in many fields of the logistics market; it operates business in abou t 220 countries and employs more than 31000 people. In addition, it has the world’s largest aircraft fleet and a huge number of ships and vehicles. Moreover, it conducts business with advanced management methodologies and performance measurement. All of these resources ensure DHL an unrivalled ability to accomplish any kinds of logistics services perfectly.Flexibility DHL involves in many parts of logistics market and has strong enough ability in each field. It can offer many kinds of logistics service via different routes. Otherwise, DHL can provide customizing logistics or supply chain solutions to meet their specific demand. Cost As a leader in many of logistics market, the bargaining power of DHL is much higher than most of its competitors which therefore will bring some advantages for DHL. However, for there are lots of companies that can provide similar service or products it may lose the price advantage in some egment market. SWOT analysis of DHL’s operation Str ength The biggest strength for DHL is its leader position in logistics field. It is the dominator in the area of freight transportation through air and ocean. DHL’s business covers a larger area of the world; it provides services for over 220 countries. The leading position enable DHL enhance its economy scale and the power of setting price. Secondly, DHL’s diversified business model enable the company to reduce the risks in business activities and discover new opportunities in emerging and existing marketplaces.DHL devotes itself to the division of mail, supply chain, freight transportation and express. In addition, DHL has the highest employee productivity based on the data from Datamonitor. What’s more, the DHL owns a large airplane fleet that can provide great transportation ability and a long-term emission reduction GOGREEN program which makes DHL as the first mover in this area. Weakness According to the data collected by Datamonitor, DHL has encountered a problem of decline in its cash flow which results from low efficient cost management.This will reduce its resources availability when it is in pursuit of growing plans. Another problem is due to its huge airplane fleet. As with the rapid climate changing, enterprises are required to undertake their social responsibility for the environment. Large number of aircraft implies lots of emission. Although DHL is trying to apply approaches to reduce aircraft emission such as using higher quality fuel and optimal flight line, reductions on emissions will be still minimal due to the limitations in nowadays aeromechanics implies that airplane efficiency cannot be improve a lot in this aspect.What’s more, as a forerunner in the area of making effort to reduce emission, DHL will also get the advantage in compliance with new environmental regulations in the future. Opportunities As with the rapid development of e-commerce, online shopping nowadays grows with a steady high speed year by y ear. Most of consumers will move their shopping habitat from retail to online. Thus deliveries will increase significantly with the step of online sales which will promote the growth of DHL’s business.Moreover, consumers nowadays require more environmental friendly products and services which result in a growing demand from enterprises to get greener logistics services, higher efficiency transportation and low carbon offerings. The GOGREEN policy of DHL will meet the demand of such companies and the continuation development of this kind of services will help DHL get a good hand in competence with others. Threats DHL currently is in the situation of facing fierce competition in logistics business. The scattered global logistics market brings intense competition to DHL.These may result in negative effects on the company that potentially will decrease its growth and profits. What’s more, it is said that logistics industry produces a big percent of global emission which le ad to governments from all over world aim to reduce the pollution contribution from this market. As a multi-national enterprise DHL always faces the pressure across from governments and NGOs as well. It may affects DHL’s reputation since people nowadays consider more and more about a company’s social responsibility. Conclusions and Recommendations To conclude, logistics is very important for nowadays global intense competitive marketplace.As is known to all, logistics is an essential part of any companies function. A good logistical operation can enable a company cut the production cost and enhance the efficiency. In this report, DHL was selected as a case study to help analysis logistics theory. DHL owns the biggest logistics network all over the world. It provides any kind of freight transportation via multiple approaches. DHL conducts its great range of logistics activities and solutions for clients across almost 220 countries. It is dedicated to provide customers b etter performance and low-cost service in today’s highly competitively market.In order to get the victory in the competition, DHL should set a reasonable price, provide a faster and larger amount of scheduled service, improve the function of tracking goods, enlarge the business geographic area, enhance its dependability and innovate new service for customers. In addition, DHL should make more efforts on emission reduction. The performance management and GOGREEN program may help DHL to accomplish this target. In a word, the art of logistics is essential to every organization while DHL has shown its great management and operations to enable a leading position in the world’s market.References 1. Ahanori, Y & Nachum, L 2000,  Globalization of Services: Some Implications for Theory and  Routledg: London 2. Degraeve, Z & Roodhooft, F 1999, â€Å"Effectively selecting suppliers using total Cost of Ownership†,  The Journal of Supply Chain Management, vol. 35, no. 1, pp. 5-10. 3. Kiely, D 1999, â€Å"Synchronizing supply chain operations with consumer demand Using customer data†,  The Journal of Business Forecasting Methods & Systems, vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 3-9. 4. Kostecki, M 1996, â€Å"Waiting Line as a Marketing Issues†,  European Management Journal, vol. 14, no. 3, pp. 295-303. Logistics Logistics process Definition of logistics Logistics is a function that is flexible and changes according to the various constraints and demands imposed upon it. Logistics is – Supply + Materials Management + Distribution and logistics is basically the overall management of distributions and supply. There are many different transport methods including- * Air- This is used to deliver goods fast and also internationally. * Water- This can be used to transport goods slower. Sometimes unreliable. * Road- This is to be used nationally, and used by the most ranges of business. This is the most popular way of transportation. Rail- This is the quicker way of transporting goods. Royal Mail use rail to transport goods to their regional offices. * Container- Containers are used to deliver goods simply because they don’t need as much security and also cost less in transport, meaning more profits. When we compare different retailers, we have to take into consideration: * The amount o f stores that the retailer has. * Where the location of the stores are * The supply chain. For example: Tesco has over 7500 stores in the UK, which includes a mixture of high street, out of town and local stores.They have a wide supply chain which stretches globally as they try to source the cheapest products to sell in their supermarkets. Independent stores may have only a few stores at the most (for example Merrie England). The location of the stores are on the high street and in town centres and the supply chain will only reach nationally. Small retailer – Small retailers usually use wagons to transport from manufacturer to retailers, and mostly use wholesalers. These are more likely to have less suppliers to work with then larger retailers because of the size of the stores.Multinational retailer: the retailer buys it direct from the multinational manufacturers and then supplies to the customers, normally using wagons from the distribution centres. Relationship with suppli ers All retailers, whether they are small or large, have to have a relationship with their suppliers. This is so they can get the best products at the best price and can also introduce new products. By having a good relationship with the suppliers, they know if they are getting the best deal and can also have a good payment plan, whilst also having good interactions by using electronics.Product search * Logistics * Electronic data interchange * Supply chain integration * Ordering and payment * Invoice orders The supply chain for a large and small business is more or less the same- especially the logistics and distribution stage. However, larger businesses have to have warehousing to store all of their surplus stock, or to store and to distribute to all of their stores. Examples of this can be supermarket warehouses, which take all of the bulk stock and then separate them into store deliveries, then use their wagons for store deliveries.This not only saves the business time but is al so cost effective as the larger the order, the cheaper the product should be for the supermarket. This means that the stock that supermarkets and other larger businesses take will be cheaper than smaller businesses. Stock Management By having management on how much stock needs distributing to independent stores, they can reduce waste, and overall, saves the business time and money by putting them into the correct stores. It also keeps customers happy, because if the stock is to hand, then customers won’t complain and/or go to other competitors. Warehousing/Stock RoomsLarger Retailers will have lots of different warehouses to meet the customer needs and to also deliver to different stores across the country. By warehousing and storing the products in a safe, cool and dry place, it will keep the products fresh (if they are food/drink items), or safe and without the risk of overheating/getting water damage to the products. By keeping the products in these conditions, they will b e stay in perfect condition until you need them. Internationally Small Independents won’t need to distribute internationally, so won’t need to use rail or air transportation methods to deliver their stocks.Also, because of how small they are, they are also less likely to need to source their items from abroad aswell, unless they are a business that relies on international sourcing. However, larger retailers have to rely on sourcing from other countries, especially supermarkets that have to get their fresh foods (including fruit and vegetables) from other countries. This means that they have to rely on air travel to bring in their items. They also have to rely on fast transport methods, such as containers and wagons to deliver their items to the distribution centres before delivering it to local independent stores.Use of Electronics Smaller Independent shops won’t need to rely on electronics as much as the larger retailers, because of how big their stores are and how they get their stock. Small independent stores will normally get their stock from cash and carry’s so will normally use man power to get their items. However, larger stores will have to constantly source their items from different retailers, and have to rely on electronics to order items from the distribution areas. This means that if any problems occur with the electronics surrounding the business, they could have problems with orders and could therefore run out of products.